River Delta Restoration: Difference between revisions
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{{topic}}[[category:river delta]][[category:restoration]] | {{topic}}[[category:river delta]][[category:restoration]] | ||
'''This page is a synthesis page to organize information about the Restoration of Puget Sound [[River Deltas]]. There are individual pages to orient to each river delta site. This page instead is intended to describe the shifting regional body of | '''This page is a synthesis page to organize information about the Restoration of Puget Sound [[River Deltas]]. There are individual pages to orient to each river delta site. This page instead is intended to describe the shifting regional body of work groups, documents, and efforts that represent the incremental restoration of the larger River Delta sites. The focus is on local partnership, and evolution of funding systems. State and federal funding has strongly supported projects, with joint funding from multiple programs the norm.''' | ||
===Early Activity=== | ===Early Activity=== | ||
| Line 9: | Line 9: | ||
*[[Skagit Delta]] and the was largely based on the work of the [[Skagit River System Cooperative]], culminating in [[Greene & Beamer 2005]] which identified a, empirical basis for estuary restoration as a crucial part of Skagit salmon recovery. The body of work from SRSC set the tone for future work. | *[[Skagit Delta]] and the was largely based on the work of the [[Skagit River System Cooperative]], culminating in [[Greene & Beamer 2005]] which identified a, empirical basis for estuary restoration as a crucial part of Skagit salmon recovery. The body of work from SRSC set the tone for future work. | ||
===The First Wave of Delta Restoration: Quilcene, Skokomish and Nisqually=== | |||
===The First | |||
*[[Puget Sound Nearshore Ecosystem Restoration Project]] was a large scale planning project which ran from 2001-2015 with the authorization of a feasibility report by congress. It provided a sequence of analysis which described the relevance and loss of large river delta wetlands in Puget Sound, and established "process-based restoration" as a regional goal. | *[[Puget Sound Nearshore Ecosystem Restoration Project]] was a large scale planning project which ran from 2001-2015 with the authorization of a feasibility report by congress. It provided a sequence of analysis which described the relevance and loss of large river delta wetlands in Puget Sound, and established "process-based restoration" as a regional goal. | ||
*[[Estuary and Salmon Restoration Program]] | |||
*Meanwhile [[Quilcene Delta]] restoration was quietly advancing by the [[Hood Canal Salmon Enhancement Group]] under a series of projects. While smaller and less researched than Nisqually or Skokomish, the Quilcene restoration was part of a leading edge of large scale dike setbacks. | *Meanwhile [[Quilcene Delta]] restoration was quietly advancing by the [[Hood Canal Salmon Enhancement Group]] under a series of projects. While smaller and less researched than Nisqually or Skokomish, the Quilcene restoration was part of a leading edge of large scale dike setbacks. | ||
*Skokomish Restoration 2005-2017 | *Skokomish Restoration 2005-2017 | ||
*[[Nisqually Delta]] restoration remains the single largest restoration action in Puget Sound, and was significant because it was a $15-20M project, funded by federal stimulus spending during the economic collapse of 2008-09 (along with the [[Elwha]] dam removals). It was the first "large scale" project, and inspired development of | *[[Nisqually Delta]] restoration remains the single largest restoration action in Puget Sound, and was significant because it was a $15-20M project, funded by federal stimulus spending during the economic collapse of 2008-09 (along with the [[Elwha]] dam removals). It was the first "large scale" project, and inspired development of | ||
===Shifting Tools and Tactics=== | ===Shifting Tools and Tactics=== | ||
*PSAR | *Inspired in part by the Nisqually Refuge Restoration the [[Puget Sound Acquisition and Restoration]] large capital projects program, which brought large blocks of state capital funding to bear on river delta projects, reinforcing [[ESRP]] as a funder of substantive estuary projects. Before ESRP and PSAR, only federal [[USACE]] Continuing Authority Programs provided these levels of funding. | ||
*Wiley Slough | *[[Wiley Slough Restoration]] in the [[Skagit Delta]] restored flooding, but local farmers claimed that modification of drainage systems caused damages to crops. A culvert failed due to design and construction problems, and shoaling in the delta obstructed drainage pathways. This ongoing conflict refocused attention on the tensions between the operations of agriculture, restoration of tidal flooding, and the cultural divides between fish and farm communities. | ||
*The [[Skagit Tidegate Fish Initiative]] was a pivotal regulatory agreement negotiated by [[NOAA]] and several parties | *The [[Skagit Tidegate Fish Initiative]] was a pivotal regulatory agreement negotiated by [[NOAA]] and several parties around trade offs between continued operation of tidegates and recovery of delta rearing Chinook salmon. NOAA agreed to not pursue a claim of "adverse modification of critical habitat under [[ESA]] as long as recovery projects continued to be advanced in the system. A credit trading system was developed to track the agreement. | ||
*Skagit Drainage and Fish Initiative | *[[Skagit Drainage and Fish Initiative]], not unlike Skagit TFI, the DFI followed a regulatory conflict over maintenance of drainage ditches with fish access. A shared set of specifications and best management practices have | ||
*[[Estuary Vital Sign]] was adopted by the [[Puget Sound Partnership]] Leadership Council in ## | *[[Estuary Vital Sign]] was adopted by the [[Puget Sound Partnership]] Leadership Council in ## | ||
*[[Cereghino 2015]] is a report that attempts to assess | *[[Cereghino 2015]] is a report that attempts to assess | ||
*Fisher Slough | *[[Fisher Slough Restoration]] was a relatively expensive project per acre, but pioneered multiple benefit work, by upgrading agricultural drainage systems, providing flood control benefits, and working closely with the local farming community. | ||
*Stillaguamish | *Stillaguamish | ||
=== | ===The Challenge of Massive Scale Estuary Restoration: Whidbey Basin=== | ||
Whidbey Basin Deltas account for 60% of historical vegetated tidal wetlands ([[Simenstad et al 2011]]). These systems also form the foundations of remaining Puget Sound Agricultural Production, as well as the core populations of Puget Sound salmonids, including two species listed under the [[Endangered Species Act]]. | |||
*The emergence of [[Floodplains by Design]] funding in the state capital budget, and [[Resilience Funding]] in the federal budget, followed by increasing focus on multiple benefits in the [[National Estuary Program]]'s Implementation Strategies work has led to the funding of diverse project elements. | *The emergence of [[Floodplains by Design]] funding in the state capital budget, and [[Resilience Funding]] in the federal budget, followed by increasing focus on multiple benefits in the [[National Estuary Program]]'s Implementation Strategies work has led to the funding of diverse project elements. | ||
*[[Snohomish Restoration 2015+ | *[[Snohomish Restoration 2015+ | ||
Revision as of 20:42, 15 August 2017
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This page is a synthesis page to organize information about the Restoration of Puget Sound River Deltas. There are individual pages to orient to each river delta site. This page instead is intended to describe the shifting regional body of work groups, documents, and efforts that represent the incremental restoration of the larger River Delta sites. The focus is on local partnership, and evolution of funding systems. State and federal funding has strongly supported projects, with joint funding from multiple programs the norm.
Early Activity
- Spencer Island
- Deepwater Slough
- Snohomish Mitigation Projects
- Nisqually Tribe projects
- Skagit Delta and the was largely based on the work of the Skagit River System Cooperative, culminating in Greene & Beamer 2005 which identified a, empirical basis for estuary restoration as a crucial part of Skagit salmon recovery. The body of work from SRSC set the tone for future work.
The First Wave of Delta Restoration: Quilcene, Skokomish and Nisqually
- Puget Sound Nearshore Ecosystem Restoration Project was a large scale planning project which ran from 2001-2015 with the authorization of a feasibility report by congress. It provided a sequence of analysis which described the relevance and loss of large river delta wetlands in Puget Sound, and established "process-based restoration" as a regional goal.
- Estuary and Salmon Restoration Program
- Meanwhile Quilcene Delta restoration was quietly advancing by the Hood Canal Salmon Enhancement Group under a series of projects. While smaller and less researched than Nisqually or Skokomish, the Quilcene restoration was part of a leading edge of large scale dike setbacks.
- Skokomish Restoration 2005-2017
- Nisqually Delta restoration remains the single largest restoration action in Puget Sound, and was significant because it was a $15-20M project, funded by federal stimulus spending during the economic collapse of 2008-09 (along with the Elwha dam removals). It was the first "large scale" project, and inspired development of
Shifting Tools and Tactics
- Inspired in part by the Nisqually Refuge Restoration the Puget Sound Acquisition and Restoration large capital projects program, which brought large blocks of state capital funding to bear on river delta projects, reinforcing ESRP as a funder of substantive estuary projects. Before ESRP and PSAR, only federal USACE Continuing Authority Programs provided these levels of funding.
- Wiley Slough Restoration in the Skagit Delta restored flooding, but local farmers claimed that modification of drainage systems caused damages to crops. A culvert failed due to design and construction problems, and shoaling in the delta obstructed drainage pathways. This ongoing conflict refocused attention on the tensions between the operations of agriculture, restoration of tidal flooding, and the cultural divides between fish and farm communities.
- The Skagit Tidegate Fish Initiative was a pivotal regulatory agreement negotiated by NOAA and several parties around trade offs between continued operation of tidegates and recovery of delta rearing Chinook salmon. NOAA agreed to not pursue a claim of "adverse modification of critical habitat under ESA as long as recovery projects continued to be advanced in the system. A credit trading system was developed to track the agreement.
- Skagit Drainage and Fish Initiative, not unlike Skagit TFI, the DFI followed a regulatory conflict over maintenance of drainage ditches with fish access. A shared set of specifications and best management practices have
- Estuary Vital Sign was adopted by the Puget Sound Partnership Leadership Council in ##
- Cereghino 2015 is a report that attempts to assess
- Fisher Slough Restoration was a relatively expensive project per acre, but pioneered multiple benefit work, by upgrading agricultural drainage systems, providing flood control benefits, and working closely with the local farming community.
- Stillaguamish
The Challenge of Massive Scale Estuary Restoration: Whidbey Basin
Whidbey Basin Deltas account for 60% of historical vegetated tidal wetlands (Simenstad et al 2011). These systems also form the foundations of remaining Puget Sound Agricultural Production, as well as the core populations of Puget Sound salmonids, including two species listed under the Endangered Species Act.
- The emergence of Floodplains by Design funding in the state capital budget, and Resilience Funding in the federal budget, followed by increasing focus on multiple benefits in the National Estuary Program's Implementation Strategies work has led to the funding of diverse project elements.
- [[Snohomish Restoration 2015+
- Farm, Fish and Flood Initiative in the Skagit Delta has been a sometimes controversial approach to restoration project development, because it involves a diverse community in considering the costs and benefits of projects to multiple constituencies. It reviews a large population of projects using a multi-criteria decision process and system wide hydrodynamic modelling.
- Stillaguamish Delta Restoration
- Estuary Implementation Strategy
- Coordinated Investment
