Gari et al 2015 review DPSIR in coastal systems
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Sirak Robele Gari, Alice Newton, John D. Icely. 2015. A review of the application and evolution of the DPSIR framework with an emphasis on coastal social-ecological systems. Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 103, Pages 63-77. ISSN 0964-5691, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2014.11.013.
Notes
- Reviewed 79 journal articles, 41 from coastal ecosystems.
- Developed in current form in 1993 by Organization for European Development.
- Definition of states as physical, biological, and chemical is consistent with PSNERP and current wiki categories, but does not consider social states as part of the system (instead social system is considered constant or as driver or as a response--with change in social state not part of model?).
- Proposes DPSIR as framework for organizing adaptive management. Describes data collection as initial activity in validating proposed models.
- Describes how different authors place human enterprises inconsistently as drivers or pressures (for example species invasion, aquaculture), or is eutrophication a state change or a pressure?
- Describes how different analysts create subcategories to differentiate within a category.
- Suggests wide use is because 1) it can structure around political objectives, 2) it focuses on simple causation, appealing to policy actors.
- It can serve as a framework for comparing and contrasting different cases (for example, a collection of coastal lagoons).
- Some analysts equate Impacts with gain or loss of ecosystem services.
- Critiques:
- The real world is complicated, so real data is necessary.
- The strength and qualities of the connecting arrows are very important, and can be weakly considered.
- DPSIR can underestimate feedback loops, synergies, and threshold effects and may suggests unidirectional, linear, and simple causation, when it is not warranted.
- Models are created and used by "experts" who may ignore knowledge of people with less power.
- It does not capture variation in values, and is predisposed to conservation viewpoints.
- The framing of the user (how the user defines context) can ignore important factors in the effects change because that are outside the frame.
